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First paragraph from this link: "Straight-run gasoline has an octane number of about 70. ... Cracking, isomerization, and other processes can be used to increase the octane rating of gasoline to about 90. Anti-knock agents may be added to further increase the octane rating. Tetraethyl lead, Pb(C2H5)4, was one such agent, which was added to gas at the rate of up to 2.4 grams per gallon of gasoline. ... unleaded gasoline has required the addition of more expensive compounds, such as aromatics and highly branched alkanes, to maintain high octane numbers." Even if you extracted pure octane from the oil cracking process, you still have only 100% octane. To get 110 octane, you must add other compounds, so 110 octane gas is not 110% octane. It is less than 100% octane, for that matter. :p The word octane is used as a phrase as "octane rating", but it too is the hydrocarbon octane. A 100% mixture of octane probably has an octane rating of 100. A fuel with a 110 octane rating does not consist of 110% octane. We know that we can't go over a 100% mixture.
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